The best defense is a well-calculated, effective and sustained offense. But when the enemy is ever-present, sneaky, and unpredictable, it pays to be proactive and keep all your defensive faculties in top form. Such is the health story of your furry buddy. You can be proactive about preventing diseases and injuries. However, there are occasions when your dog could be predisposed to illness and injury. 

How do you protect your dog from inevitable illness or the effects of injury? 

You can strengthen your dog’s immunity and give them a better fighting chance against the symptoms and disease-causing pathogens. Read on and learn different ways to improve your dog’s immune system. But first, here’s a brief word on the immune system of our canine friends. 

Your dog’s immune system, what it is and what it does

From grade school, we know that dogs are mammals. They share several attributes with humans. For example, the immune system of dogs is similar to a human’s – the mammalian immune system. It is an inbuilt defense mechanism to protect the body against invasion by foreign microorganisms. 

Your dog’s body has several cell types circulating via the blood and lymphatics. These cells migrate out of their quarters whenever there is a threat and neutralize the foreign invading microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. They also neutralize abnormally growing cells and toxins.

Strengthening your dog’s immune system entails taking steps to help the immune system become efficient and identify and neutralize threats effectively. It will boost your dog’s wellbeing and stretch its lifespan.  

Here are tips on how to strengthen your dog’s immunity. 

Feed your dog on immunity-boosting diets

Immunity-boosting diets consist of foods that promote the production and functioning of the immune system. It includes foods that encourage cell growth, efficient cell functioning and foods that counter inflammation and oxidation. Since dogs vary widely in their nutritional requirements, it is best to consult a vet and get a precise opinion concerning your dog’s diet. But generally, you can refer to scientifically researched sources and learn more about your dog’s nutritional needs. 

Excellent immunity-boosting dog diets contain the right balance of vitamins, minerals, fatty acids (including inflammation countering omega fatty acids), amino acids, and carbohydrates. Most commercial dog foods do not contain these elements in the correct proportions. Many manufacturers use plenty of grain starch to increase bulk and reduce costs. Your dog is likely to develop weight and inflammation-related issues due to the high starch levels. On the other hand, organic dog foods like Timberwolf Organics containing plenty of animal protein, tuber-sourced starch, and veggies could strengthen the immune system. 

Ensure your dog gets regular and sufficient exercise

Exercise does more than keep the muscles and brain fit. It helps the body system work more efficiently. Regular and sufficient workout is crucial for strengthening your dog’s immune system. However, too much or high-intensity exercise could be counterproductive and result in injury or deterioration of the immune system. Therefore, due to variations in age, weight, breed, and external circumstances, consult a vet to get precise guidance on the intensity and frequency of exercise your dog can handle. 

A good exercise plan will do the following and boost your dog’s immune system:

• Stimulate and promote efficient production of leukocytes (or white blood cells)
• Reduces fat mass and adipose tissue inflammation
• Encourages the production of IL-6 that boosts the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines 
• Mitigates effects of aging on the immune function

Use supplements

Still on the aspect of your nutrition, if a vet recommends special care for your dog, you could also inquire about supplements. Dietary supplements are products intended to augment your dog’s current diet. They often come in small quantities and address specific deficiencies. If your dog has a specific dietary need, a vet could recommend a supplement to boost the levels. 

You can consider supplements as a way to strengthen your dog’s immune system. But don’t feed your dog on all kinds of supplements at once. Mixing could be counterproductive. Multiple supplements could block absorption. Ask a vet concerning the type, amount, and frequency of supplements to give. 

Probiotics supplements will help build your dog’s gut flora and strengthen the immune system.

Destress frequently

Stress contributes to significantly increased inflammation and a compromised immune system. However, it is almost impossible to stay stress-free. Focus on the following de-stressing opportunities to strengthen your dog’s immunity. 

• Play more frequently with your furry buddy. 
• Avoid stressful environments and stress triggers.
• Consider treating your furry buddy to a doggy massage. 
• Use calming products like CBD.

Dog Pacing

Humans pace for a variety of reasons. It could be a restless soon-to-be father in the waiting bay of a hospital. Or a nervous candidate awaiting the results of a test or vote. In all cases, when humans pace, the underlying reason is within the mind. So what causes dog pacing?

Dogs also walk back and forth aimlessly. But unlike their more sophisticated owners, there are many underlying reasons. Sometimes dogs pace because of anxiety and restlessness, as their owners often do. But other times, the trigger for pacing could be in the environment or a hormonal imbalance. In some cases, pacing could be a symptom of a brain condition or an ailment in the body. But do not worry. We will tell you more about why the dog behaves this way and how to handle the situation. Learning about pacing will help you to stop worrying, be concerned and take appropriate action. 

Pacing in Senior Dogs VS in Younger Dogs 

In an article published on petmd, dog health expert – Dr. Heidi Lobprise – explained that most dogs could be considered seniors if they crossed the five-year mark. If your dog is not yet five and is pacing, the reasons could be environmental, behavioral, or hormonal issues. 

A young dog may pace because it suffers from separation anxiety. Sometimes young, territorial, and protective dogs pace because there could be something in the environment (like another animal) causing restlessness. In many cases, young dogs pace as a result of an overwhelming drive to mate. Sometimes they are plain bored and want some action. 

Whether young or old, pacing is not a natural dog behavior. You should consult a vet or an expert in dog behavior if your dog paces persistently. Simple solutions like neutering, spaying, condition training, exercise, or even simple equipment like anxiety vests or a calming dog bed can help to calm an anxious dog. 

A study published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) shows that senior dogs, irrespective of the breed, pace more than younger ones. Some people call it the ‘Old dog syndrome,’ and many pet owners dismiss pacing as a sign of natural ageing. But it is not. If your older four-legged companion has begun pacing, you must take it seriously. It could be a sign that something more serious is going on. Here are some of the possible causes and what you can do. 

 

Why Senior Dogs Pace

Senior dogs can pace due to behavioral and hormonal issues as their younger counterparts. Also, an older dog could start walking back and forth as a response to discomfort. The source could be internal or external. The dog could have eaten something that did not go well in the tummy. Or it could be due to complex intestinal disorders. Either way, it is vital to establish the source of discomfort and make your dog comfortable. 

If your senior dog is healthy, well-trained, and ordinarily well-behaved, pacing should ring the alarm bells. By the time your dog crosses the five-year mark, they are expected to be less sensitive to pacing triggers such as separation from the owner and other environmental activators. A well-trained dog should have adapted to his environment by this age, and separation anxiety should not be an issue. Biological triggers, such as the drive to mate, should also not be as pressing as when the dog was younger. 

Here are reasons why a senior, well-trained, and healthy-looking dog could pace:

• Gut and Liver Disorders

You may be wondering what the gut and liver have to do with pacing. Our Fit Pets explains that older, large-breed dogs are prone to a gut condition known as Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (GDV). However, it can affect any breed. The cause is yet to be understood. But the ailment is more common among hyperactive dogs. When a dog has this ailment, the stomach fills with gas (or bloats). It may not progress beyond this, but the discomfort causes the dog to pace. The condition could degenerate into a fatal volvulus. A volvulus is when the gas-filled gut twists internally and blocks both the entry and exit points in the stomach. At this point, the dog will require emergency surgery immediately.

Liver disease, on the other hand, may also seem like an odd trigger for pacing. However, senior dogs are prone to a liver disease known as hepatopathy. The ailment can degenerate into a brain disorder known as Encephalopathy. Thus senior dogs are susceptible to Hepatic Encephalopathy. 

A dog suffering from this condition will experience abnormal neurological responses, including the following:

• • Compulsive pacing. 
  • Running aimlessly. Sometimes the dog runs into walls and sometimes in circles. 
  • Confusion after meals. 
  • Seizures. 
  • Sudden aggression. 
  • Increased urination. 
  • Increased thirst. 

 

• Hormonal Disorders

If you are not a professional breeder, consider neutering or spaying your dog. This move will save you from a variety of dog behavior issues. Nevertheless, pacing in dogs could be a result of the overproduction of another hormone – cortisol. The condition is also known as Cushing’s Syndrome. 

In this case, a tumor on the pituitary or adrenal gland presses against the brain or brain stem. It causes an increase in cortisol release and extensive neurological damage. The dog paces relentlessly due to the discomfort and may require surgery or a regimen of pharmaceutical therapies to reduce the tumor size.

• Brain Tumor

Like humans, cases of cancer among dogs have soared over the last couple of years. Dogs today eat better diets and live in safer environments. They live longer. But, as they enjoy golden years, cancers and other age-related ailments are catching up. 

No dog breed is immune to cancer. A study published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) shows that cancer affects one in two dogs aged ten years and over. Cancer is the leading cause of death in senior dogs. It kills 40% of all cases. 

A dog with a brain tumor could have neurological disorders that will cause discomfort and confusion. Such a dog will pace up and down to cope with the condition. 

• Dog Alzheimer’s 

Dog Alzheimer’s or canine cognitive dysfunction is the dog equivalent of Alzheimer’s disease in humans. The condition is also known as Dog Alzheimer’s, and it causes progressive confusion, disorientation, and memory loss in older dogs. The dog will pace and forget simple routines like peeing outside. 

Dogs can also develop dementia and other cognitive decline issues as they grow older. You may notice the dog pacing more frequently (with a confused look), and he may become highly anxious. Studies reveal that by the time a dog hits 14years, it has a 40% chance of developing canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD). 

Many people shrug off the symptoms dismissing them as signs of old age. But if unchecked, these mental issues could cause suffering in your dog as well as health issues.

Dog Rehabilitation

When your dog has been unfortunate enough to suffer an illness or experience the pain of an injury or operation, they are likely to need a while to recover. It isn’t always easy making sure your four-legged friend gets back to their usual self, and you’re likely to be worried about them in the early days after an operation. Luckily, there is a lot that you can do to make sure your dog has the best chance.

What is Canine Rehabilitation?

Canine rehabilitation is the name given to various therapies, including exercise and diet, that can be used to help a dog recover and rehabilitate. Just like humans will often have physiotherapy after an injury, canine rehabilitation can do the same for a canine’s body. You can devise exercises and even change their diet to aid strong regrowth and help to ensure the chances of an injury reoccurring are far lower, too.

How Diet Affects Animal Rehabilitation?

Dogs need nourishment. The right food is essential. It’s important to note that every case is different and depending on the breed of your dog, their age, and the injury they have sustained, there could be many different approaches. It’s best to visit a canine rehabilitation specialist if you are looking for a way to get a bespoke plan, tailor-made for your dog.

If you’re not getting the right vitamins and minerals in your dog’s diet, the process of recovering can take longer, and they may not be as strong. Similarly, too many treats and your dog might gain weight while they are inactive after an injury.

What Should you Feed a Recovering Dog?

Going back to their ordinary kibble might not be the wisest thing for a recovering dog.

If your dog has experienced a problem with its digestion and other stomach issues, then there is every chance that you’ll need to make adjustments to help your dog to be able to digest its food. Foods like simple scrambled eggs and rice help a dog recover in the aftermath of some operations.

Supplements can also be a fantastic way to assist a dog’s recovery and get them to the stage where they are back to their usual, active self. Some supplements have been shown to reduce inflammation and aid the canine body.

After an operation, it is a good idea to create a high protein diet to support your dog to increase their body mass gain. It should also be high in energy as your dog might not have the same appetite, but you still need to get energy into their system.

Rehabilitation Diets for Dogs: Tips from a Veterinarian

A couple of tips from veterinarians can help you understand your dog’s body and give them the best chance to recover fully.

1. Remember that they might be insulin resistant after an operation, so you might want to ensure plenty of protein is in the diet to help combat this and reduce carbohydrates that they may be getting from dried foods.
2. Keep it tasty. Dogs might be off their food for a while, but they still need to eat.  You can encourage your dog by giving some natural treats such as simple chicken breasts and rice. Your dog is bound to appreciate fresh food, just make sure it isn’t too hot when you feed them as they are likely to burn their mouth.
3. Remember that their metabolic rate might be lower, so if they aren’t eating quite as much, this isn’t too much of a problem. Just make sure your dog is still getting plenty of nutrients.

What Food do Vets Recommend for Dogs?

The recommended food for dogs varies based on breed, and different vets and scientists have their own opinions. Dried food can be a good solution, but make sure that it is balanced and nutritious, and try to introduce some fresh ingredients here and there. A dried food supplemented with omega-3 and other dog-friendly supplements can be a great option.

Wet foods can also provide plenty of nutrients, and your dog may enjoy these more. 

Is My Dog Ill?

You want your dog to be healthy and happy, but there are guaranteed to be times where your dog is feeling or acting a little off. The first sign of sickness could be imperative to the long-term health of your pet. 

Since your dog can’t tell you when they are feeling ill, it’s important you know the signs and symptoms to watch out for. The following are some of the most common. 

• Trouble Breathing

Trouble breathing is one of the more obvious signs of illness – if your pet has noisy breathing, wheezing or cough, nasal discharge with mucus or blood, gagging, or labored breathing, it’s time to call the vet. If you notice they are struggling to breathe and their gums or tongue have a bluish tint, go straight to emergency. 

• Changes in Eating

If your dog’s eating habits become irregular, and perhaps they refuse to eat for over 24 hours, give your vet a call. If you’ve noticed your pet is losing weight over a 2-4 week period or has unexpected weight gain, you should also take them to get checked out. Constant bad breath or excessive drooling can also be signs of illness. 

• Toilet Habits

If your pet has had constipation or diarrhea for longer than 48 hours, or you have noticed blood or mucus in their poo, get a sample and head to the vet. Another sign of illness is persistent urination, very limited urination, or “accidents” when urinating or defecating. 

• Your Dog’s Appearance

Depending on the symptoms your dog has, you may notice changes to their actual appearance. Changes in appearance could include things like lumps or bumps they didn’t have previously or that have started to ooze mucus or blood, rash or a persistent itch, hair loss, or constant scratching of their ears, to name a few. Also, keep an eye out for dry, red, or cloudy eyes, sleeping more than usual, and any stiffness when walking upstairs. 

• Pain

Another obvious sign is pain – if they have a bone or a joint that is warm to touch and hurts when you do so if they are reluctant to walk or jump if they guard a part of their body when you go near them. Sometimes, a dog will yelp in pain if you touch any injuries, but they will most of the time shy away from you and suffer the pain. Pay close attention and if you have any concerns, get assistance. 

• Nervous System Issues

Finally, if your dog has problems with their nervous system, pack them up in the car and take them straight to the vet. Symptoms could be anything from seizures and twitches to stumbling, weakness, disorientation, loss of consciousness, and a tilted head. 

An online pet symptom checker could help you identify if any concerns are typical for the breed of dog you have. 

If you would like to read further on illness symptoms in your dog, check out our article ‘What are some Common Signs of Illness in Dogs?‘

What You Can Do if Your Dog is Sick

If you notice any abnormal signs that are impacting your dog, contact your vet. Don’t wait for the problem to get better on its own – it’s better to be sure than to put your pet’s health at further risk. In some cases, your vet may be able to give you advice over the phone, or they may request to see your dog or send you to an emergency clinic – depending on the urgency. Follow their advice. 

Once your dog is on the mend, maintain healthy living through 

• good nutrition – feeding them the right amount and type of food (not giving them human food)
• regular checkups; proper grooming – even if they’re wearing a dog cone
• lots of love
• plenty of exercise

If you don’t have time to take your dog out for a walk every day, consider hiring a professional dog walker instead. If, on the other hand, you have lots of time, you could even look into professional dog walking courses too.

Treatment for Arthritis in Dogs

As a senior emergency clinician at BluePearl Pet Hospital in Brooklyn, NY, Trisha Joyce, DVM, has seen her share of doggie trauma. But she says some of the saddest cases are the least dramatic: dogs suffering from severe arthritis. 

“One family brought in their Labrador that was so arthritic he couldn’t even get up to go to the bathroom,” Dr. Joyce says. “His overall health was OK, but he was just too big and too arthritic. The owners came in to euthanize, which was a tough decision because it’s not like he had a life-threatening disease. But there was no practical way to manage it at home.”

Dog Arthritis Is Common

Scientific studies indicate that 20 percent of middle-aged dogs and 90 percent of older dogs have osteoarthritis in at least one joint. According to James Cook, DVM, at the University of Missouri-Columbia, it’s hard to stop the disease once it has set in.

“There are two problems we see in osteoarthritis,” explains Dr. Cook. “One is we don’t have a cure, and the other is that we still see the progression of arthritis even after the best treatments. Both of those problems come from the fact that we diagnose it too late.”

A Research Breakthrough in Dog Arthritis

Dr. Cook and his research team, however, may have found the key to early diagnosis. It’s what he calls “the Holy Grail” in the fluid that surrounds and lubricates the joints of both dogs and people. Dr. Cook sampled this fluid from dogs known to have osteoarthritis and from others without the disease. As he wrote in the American Journal of Veterinary Research, a pattern became evident when he analyzed the fluid proteins.

The scientists noticed that the quality and quantity of this fluid were altered in arthritic dogs. Examining the fluid even more closely, they identified seven proteins that appear to be linked to arthritis. The proteins increase and decrease in patterns that “are consistently different than [patterns] found in normal patients with no arthritis at all,” notes Dr. Cook.

Treatment For Dog Arthritis

Dr. Cook and his team plan to follow healthy dogs over time to see if the pattern can correctly predict which dogs end up getting arthritis. If everything happens as theorized and according to schedule, he hopes that a screening test will be available for young dogs in three to four years.

Until then, here is some practical advice for dog owners worried about, or already dealing with, canine arthritis:

• Canine Arthritis Warning signs 

Watch for decreased activity and signs of pain. These may be overt (e.g., limping, lameness, whimpering) or subtle, like a typically pleasant dog becoming snippy. Some arthritic dogs may consistently stop doing only specific activities, such as jumping on the bed or into a car.

• Dog Arthritis Diagnosis 

If you think your dog has arthritis, schedule a visit with your veterinarian for a comprehensive diagnosis of the problem. Knowing which joints are affected and how severely can significantly help determine which treatment options to consider.

Treatment For Your Dog

Dr. Joyce says that while arthritis is forever and can’t be undone, certain medications can alleviate pain and symptoms. Other considerations include alternative treatments like acupuncture and hydrotherapy. Surgical procedures are an option for extreme cases. Most dogs will achieve a higher quality of life with any of these treatments.

• Activity 

The best way to treat and prevent arthritis is to help your dog stay in good shape. Maintain its weight in the low end of the normal range and keep your pet active just enough to sustain muscle tone and strength. Start with moderate activity levels — a brisk walk, limited periods of playing in the park — and work your way up. Through trial and error with careful monitoring, you can find your dog’s “sweet spot” of exercise for optimal joint health.

• Your Dog’s Diet 

A healthy diet is a big part of staying in shape. Dr. Cook recommends going with name brands that commit to putting science into dog food, offer well-balanced nutrition, and are tailored to specific breed sizes. He says that while supplements cannot prevent the disease, they can help alleviate pain. “Pet foods with glucosamine and chondroitin or fish oil can help manage the disease because they reduce inflammation and degradation,” he adds.